AUSTRALIA New shortwave schedule of Radio Australia from Jan.31, 1300 UT: 0000-0630 on 15240 SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac English 0000-0630 on 15415 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs English 0000-0630 on 17840 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac English 0630-0700 on 15240 SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac Tok Pisin Mon-Fri 0630-0700 on 15240 SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac English Sat/Sun 0630-0700 on 15415 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs Tok Pisin Mon-Fri 0630-0700 on 15415 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs English Sat/Sun 0630-0700 on 17840 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac Tok Pisin Mon-Fri 0630-0700 on 17840 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac English Sat/Sun 0700-0800 on 15240 SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac English 0700-0800 on 15415 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs English 0700-0800 on 17840 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac English 0800-0805 on 15240 SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac French Mon-Fri 0800-0805 on 15240 SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac English Sat/Sun 0800-0805 on 15415 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs French Mon-Fri 0800-0805 on 15415 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs English Sat/Sun 0800-0805 on 17840 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac French Mon-Fri 0800-0805 on 17840 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac English Sat/Sun 0805-0857 on 15240 SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac English 0805-0857 on 15415 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs English 0805-0857 on 17840 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac English 0900-0930 on 9580 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac Tok Pisin Mon-Fri 0900-0930 on 9580 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac English Sat/Sun 0900-0930 on 12065 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs Tok Pisin Mon-Fri 0900-0930 on 12065 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs English Sat/Sun 0900-0930 on 12085*SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac Tok Pisin Mon-Fri 0900-0930 on 12085*SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac English Sat/Sun 0930-2057 on 9580#SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac English 0930-2057 on 12065^SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs English 0930-2057 on 12085*SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac English 2100-2400 on 15240 SHP 100 kW / 030 deg to NPac English 2100-2400 on 15415 SHP 100 kW / 355 deg to EaAs English 2100-2400 on 17840 SHP 100 kW / 070 deg to EPac English # co-ch 1423-1520 VIRI IRIB in Russian ^ co-ch 1330-1430 BBC in Bengali/Hindi, 1500-1630 in Urdu/Hindi and new 1800-1900 UNIDentified brodacast in Kanuri, see below * co-ch 0900-1100 Voice of Mongolia in English/Mongolian/Chinese/Japanese BRASIL My first reception of Radio RB2 in 0600-0700 UT time slot on Jan.28: 0000-2400 on 6040 CUR 010 kW / 020 deg to SoAm Portuguese, no signal un BUL! 0000-2400 on 9725 CUR 010 kW / 020 deg to SoAm Portuguese, weak, but audible 0000-2400 on 11935 CUR 010 kW / 020 deg to SoAm Portuguese, weak, but audible http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/radio-rb2-in-0600-0700-ut-time-slot-on.html CHINA Strong signal of China Domestic Services via Urumqi & Geermu on Jan.24: 1700-1800 on 3990 URU 100 kW / non-dir to CHN Uyghur PBS Xinjiang 1700-1800 on 4500 URU 050 kW / non-dir to CHN Mongolian PBS Xinjiang 1700-1800 on 4980 URU 050 kW / 230 deg to CHN Chinese PBS Xinjiang 1700-1800 on 4850 URU 100 kW / non-dir to CHN Kazakh PBS Xinjiang 1700-1800 on 4800 GEM 100 kW / non-dir to CHN Chinese CNR-1 1700-1800 on 5060 URU 050 kW / 230 deg to CHN Chinese PBS Xinjiang 1700-1800 on 3950 URU 100 kW / non-dir to CHN Chinese PBS Xinjiang http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/strong-signal-of-china-domestic.html CLANDESTINE Powerful signal of several clandestine broadcasts on Jan.24: Oromo Voice Radio, Raadiyoo Sagalee Oromoo: 1600-1630 on 17850 ISS 250 kW / 130 deg to EaAf Oromo Mon/Wed/Sat Radio Xoriyo: 1600-1630 on 17630 ISS 500 kW / 130 deg to EaAf Somali Tue/Sat 1600-1630 on 17870 ISS 500 kW / 130 deg to EaAf Somali Mon/Fri Radio Inyabutatu: 1600-1700 on 17605 ISS 100 kW / 144 deg to SoAf Kinyarawanda Sat Dimtse Radio Erena: 1700-1730 on 11855 SOF 050 kW / 195 deg to EaAf Afar/Oromo Radio Assenna: 1700-1800 on 11720 SOF 100 kW / 195 deg to EaAf Tigrinya Mon/Thu/Sat Eritrean Forum: 1700-1800 on 11720 SOF 100 kW / 195 deg to EaAf Tigrinya Tue/Fri/Sun 1700-1800 on 11720 SOF 100 kW / 195 deg to EaAf Arabic Wed 1800-1900 on 11720 SOF 100 kW / 195 deg to EaAf Arabic Sat An addition - weak signal of Radio Warra Wangeelaa-ti: 1500-1530 on 15515 TIG 150 kW / 165 deg to EaAf Oromo Sat http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/powerful-signal-of-several-clandestine.html CUBA(non) Frequency changes of China Radio International: 1400-1457 NF 15700 HAB 250 kW / 305 deg to WNAm English, ex 13740 1500-1557 NF 15700 HAB 250 kW / 305 deg to WNAm English, ex 13740 Other 2 transmissions of China Radio International are unchanged: 1200-1257 on 9570 HAB 250 kW / 010 deg to ENAm Cantonese 1300-1357 on 9570 HAB 250 kW / 010 deg to ENAm English Using remote receivers units in Kensington, NH and Mid State, NY. EGYPT Unscheduled broadcast of Radio Cairo in French was observed on Jan.27 1855-1910 on 9430 ABS 250 kW / 005 deg to EaEu, instead of Russian 1900-2000 1910-2000 on 9430 ABS 250 kW / 005 deg to EaEu, no signal, tx off at 1910UT! http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/unscheduled-broadcast-of-radio-cairo-in.html GERMANY Channel 292 relays in coming weekends from January 31 till March 29: 0700-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Jan.31 Radio Mi Amigo Int 0900-1000 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Feb.01 Goldrausch 6070 1000-1300 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Feb.01 Bluestar Radio 1600-1700 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Feb.01 8 Radio Ireland 0700-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.07 Radio Mi Amigo Int 1000-1300 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Feb.08 Bluestar Radio 1600-1700 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Feb.08 8 Radio Ireland 0700-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.14 Radio Mi Amigo Int 1000-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.14 KIM FM Nijmweg. 1100-1200 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.14 Power Radio Nijmweg 1400-1600 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.14 Radio Spaceshuttle 1000-1300 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Feb.15 Bluestar Radio 0700-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.21 Radio Mi Amigo Int 1000-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.21 KIM FM Nijmweg. 1100-1200 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.21 Power Radio Nijmweg 1000-1300 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Feb.22 Bluestar Radio 0700-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.28 Radio Mi Amigo Int 1000-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.28 KIM FM Nijmweg. 1100-1200 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Feb.28 Power Radio Nijmweg 0900-1000 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Mar.01 Super Clan Radio 1000-1300 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Mar.01 Bluestar Radio 0700-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Mar.07 Radio Mi Amigo Int 1000-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Mar.07 KIM FM Nijmweg. 1100-1200 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Mar.07 Power Radio Nijmweg 0900-1000 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Mar.08 Super Clan Radio 1000-1200 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Mar.08 Radio Diamond 0700-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Mar.14 Radio Mi Amigo Int 1000-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Mar.14 KIM FM Nijmweg. 1100-1200 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Mar.14 Power Radio Nijmweg 1600-1800 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Mar.14 Radio Spaceshuttle 0900-1000 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Mar.15 Super Clan Radio 0700-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Mar.21 Radio Mi Amigo Int 0900-1000 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Mar.22 Super Clan Radio 0700-1100 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sat Mar.28 Radio Mi Amigo Int 0900-1000 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Mar.29 Super Clan Radio 1400-1700 on 6070 ROB 010 kW / non-dir to CeEu Sun Mar.29 Radio Beatspektrum Subject to change. More info: http://www.channel292.de/schedule-for-bookings GREECE ERT Open on 2 frequencies in 0800-2000UT time slot, Jan.26 http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/ert-open-on-2-frequencies-in-0800.html GREECE ERT Open on 2 and then on 3 freqs in 1100-1700UT time slot, Jan.27 http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/ert-open-on-2-and-then-on-3-freqs-in.html GREECE ERT Open with French news on Jan.28: http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/ert-open-with-french-news-on-jan28.html INDIA All India Radio just recently reactivated 9620 kHz as follows: 1230-1500 on 9620 ALG 250 kW / 282 deg to WeAs Sindhi 1500-1600 on 9620^ALG 250 kW / 282 deg to WeAs Baluchi 1600-1615 on 9620^ALG 250 kW / 282 deg to WeAs Hindi, music 1615-1730 on 9620#ALG 250 kW / 282 deg to WeAs Persian 1730-1945 on 9620*ALG 250 kW / 282 deg to N/ME Arabic 1945-2030 on 9620&ALG 250 kW / 282 deg to NWAf French # co-ch China Radio Int. in Hausa 1630-1730 * co-ch Voice of Turkey in French 1830-1925 ^ co-ch REE/RNE in Spanish 1500-1900 Sa/Su & co-ch REE/RNE in Spanish from 1900 Daily http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/all-india-radio-reactivated-9620-khz-in.html NIGERIA(non) Hamada Radio International was back on shortwave via MBR 0530-0600 on 7350 NAU 100 kW / 180 deg to WeAf Hausa very good, Jan.29 1930-2000 on 11865 NAU 100 kW / 180 deg to WeAf Hausa very poor, Jan.28 http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/hamada-radio-international-was-back-on.html SUDAN(non) Frequency change of Radio Tamazuj & Radio Dabanga from Jan.22 Radio Tamazuj 0400-0430 NF 15555 MDC 250 kW / 335 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic, ex 15550 // frequency 7315 SMG 250 kW / 146 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic // frequency 11940 MDC 250 kW / 320 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic 1500-1530 NF 15555 SMG 200 kW / 150 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic, ex 15550 // frequency 13800 MDC 250 kW / 340 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic // frequency 15400 SMG 200 kW / 139 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic Radio Dabanga 0430-0600 NF 15555 MDC 250 kW / 335 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic, ex 15550 // frequency 7315 SMG 200 kW / 146 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic 1530-1600 NF 15555 SMG 200 kW / 150 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic, ex 15550 // frequency 13800 MDC 250 kW / 340 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic 1600-1630 NF 15555 SMG 200 kW / 150 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic, ex 15550 // frequency 13800 SMG 200 kW / 146 deg to EaAf Sudanese Arabic http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/frequency-changes-of-radio-tamazuj.html TAIWAN Reception of test frequencies of Radio Taiwan International on Jan.27: 1400-1500 on 11885 TSH 300 kW / ??? deg to CeAs Russian bad choice, weak signal // frequency 15180 ISS 500 kW / 060 deg to CeAs Russian as usual good reception 1700-1800 on 7385 TSH 300 kW / ??? deg to EaEu Russian nothing-only PBS Xizang // frequency 9540 ISS 500 kW / 055 deg to EaEu Russian as usual good reception http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/reception-of-test-frequencies-of-radio.html TIBET(non) Updated winter B-14 schedule of Voice of Tibet: 1200-1215 NF 15543 DB 100 kW / 095 deg to EaAs Chinese, ex 15542 1215-1230 NF 15537 DB 100 kW / 095 deg to EaAs Chinese, ex 15548 1230-1245 on 15557 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan 1245-1300 NF 15562 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan, ex 15563 1300-1315 on 15548 DB 100 kW / 095 deg to EaAs Chinese 1300-1315 on 15563 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan 1315-1330 on 15542 DB 100 kW / 095 deg to EaAs Chinese 1315-1330 on 15568 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan 1330-1345 NF 7587 DB 100 kW / 095 deg to EaAs Chinese, ex 11692 1330-1345 NF 15568 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan, ex 15562 1345-1400 NF 7587 DB 100 kW / 095 deg to EaAs Chinese, ex 11692 1345-1400 NF 15568 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan, ex 15562 1400-1415 on 15525 MDC 250 kW / 045 deg to CeAs Tibetan 1400-1415 NF 11512 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan, ex 11517 1415-1430 on 15530 MDC 250 kW / 045 deg to CeAs Tibetan 1415-1430 NF 11518 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan, ex 11517 1430-1445 on 11512 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan, cancelled 1445-1500 on 11517 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan, cancelled 2300-2315 on 7592 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan, new txion 2315-2330 on 7598 DB 100 kW / 131 deg to CeAs Tibetan, new txion All frequencies are jammed by China on xxxx0 / xxxx5 Changes between frequencies vary from 3 to 5 minutes U.K.(non) UNIDENTIFIED transmission via BABCOCK is on air eff.from January 28: 0500-0600 on 9440 ASC 250 kW / 065 deg to WeAf Kanuri, as AID in IBB Monitoring 1800-1900 on 12065 ASC 250 kW / 065 deg to WeAf Kanuri, as AID in IBB Monitoring Kanuri is a dialect continuum spoken by 4 million people in Nigeria, Niger, Chad Cameroon, and small minorities in southern Libya, and by a diaspora in Sudan. It belongs to the Western Saharan subphylum of Nilo-Saharan. Videos on Jan.28 & 29: http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/unidentified-broadcast-via-babcock-is.html USA(non) Schedules of R.Slovakia Int, R.Prague & R.Ukraine Int via Okeechobee: 0000-0030 on 5850 YFR 100 kW / 355 deg to ENAm Slovak Daily Radio Slovakia Int 0030-0100 on 5850 YFR 100 kW / 355 deg to ENAm English Daily Radio Slovakia Int 0030-0100 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu English Daily Radio Ukraine, ex 7455 0130-0200 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English Tu-Sa Radio Prague 0300-0330 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm Spanish Tu-Sa Radio Prague 0330-0400 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm Spanish Daily Radio Slovakia Int 0400-0430 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English Su/Mo Radio Prague 0530-0600 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm Spanish Daily Radio Slovakia Int 1100-1130 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm Spanish Mo-Fr Radio Prague 1130-1200 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm Spanish Mo-Sa Radio Slovakia Int 1230-1300 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English Mo-Fr Radio Slovakia Int 1300-1330 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English Mo-Sa Radio Prague 2330-2400 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu English Daily Radio Ukraine Int. USA(non) Schedules of EU News Network and Echo of Europe via Okeechobee: 2300-2315 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu English Mon EU News Network 0515-0530 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English Tue EU News Network 1015-1030 on 5850 YFR 100 kW / 355 deg to ENAm English Tue EU News Network 1445-1500 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English Tue EU News Network 2300-2315 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu English Tue EU News Network 0515-0530 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm French Wed Echo of Europe 1400-1415 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English Wed EU News Network 1445-1500 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm French Wed Echo of Europe 2100-2115 on 7570 YFR 100 kW / 315 deg to WNAm English Wed EU News Network 2100-2115 on 15770 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu English Wed EU News Network 2300-2315 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu French Wed Echo of Europe 0245-0300 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English Thu EU News Network 0515-0530 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm French Thu Echo of Europe 1445-1500 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm French Thu Echo of Europe 2300-2315 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu French Thu Echo of Europe 0445-0500 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm French Fri Echo of Europe 1000-1015 on 5850 YFR 100 kW / 355 deg to ENAm English Fri EU News Network 1015-1030 on 5850 YFR 100 kW / 355 deg to ENAm French Fri Echo of Europe 0015-0030 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English Sat EU News Network 2115-2130 on 7570 YFR 100 kW / 315 deg to WNAm French Sat Echo of Europe 2115-2130 on 15770 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu French Sat Echo of Europe 2300-2315 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu French Sat Echo of Europe 2115-2130 on 7570 YFR 100 kW / 315 deg to WNAm English Sun EU News Network 2115-2130 on 15770 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu English Sun EU News Network NOTE 1: Echo of Europe continue to not broadcast on SW via Media Broadcast 1930-1945 on 5930 NAU 125 kW / 230 deg to WeEu French Tue Echo of Europe 1930-1945 on 5930 NAU 125 kW / 230 deg to WeEu French Fri Echo of Europe NOTE 2: EU News Network via Secretbrod again on air, after 2 weeks of break 1845-1900 on 5925 SCB 100 kW / 306 deg to WeEu English Sat EU News Network USA Brother Stair on Jan.26, instead of Hamada Radio International on Jan.19: 0530-0600 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu English Brother Stair on Jan.26 0530-0600 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu Hausa Hamada R.Inter. on Jan.19 http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/brother-stair-on-jan26-instead-of.html USA/CUBA US stations and Radio Habana Cuba at 0602-0632UT time slot, Jan.27 WRMI 10 relay Brother Stair from 0602 on 9955 YFR 100 kW / 160 deg to CeAm English WRMI 9 relay Brother Stair from 0602 on 11580 YFR 100 kW / 044 deg to WeEu English WRMI 3 relay Tru News from 0604 on 5850 YFR 100 kW / 355 deg to ENAm English WTWW 1 from 0606 on 5830 TWW 100 kW / 050 deg to ENAm English WWCR 2 from 0608 on 5935 WCR 100 kW / 085 deg to CeAf English CBB Caribbean Beacon University Network from 0610 on 6090 AIA 100 kW / 320 deg to CeAm English, het from R.Nigeria Kaduna Radio Marti from 0612 on 6030 GB 125 kW / 205 deg to Cuba Spanish, plus Cuban jamming WWCR 3 from 0614 on 4840 WCR 100 kW / 040 deg to ENAm English Radio Rebelde from 0616 on 5025 QVC 050 kW / non-dir to Cuba Spanish Radio Habana Cuba from 0618 on 5040 HAB 100 kW / non-dir to Cuba English from 0618 on 6000 HAB 250 kW / 315 deg to WNAm English from 0618 on 6060 HAB 100 kW / 010 deg to ENAm English from 0618 on 6100 HAB 100 kW / non-dir to CeAm English from 0618 on 6165 HAB 100 kW / 340 deg to NCAm English WEWN 1 from 0630 on 11520 EWN 250 kW / 085 deg to WeAf English http://swldxbulgaria.blogspot.com/2015/01/us-stations-and-radio-habana-cuba-at.html
LZ2GPB blog dedicated to the hobby of shortwave DX-ing... because real radio bounces off the sky!
Pages
▼
No comments:
Post a Comment